Abstract:
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[CAT] Friedrich Nietzsche empra constantment la metàfora de l'aranya i la teranyina per efectuar la seva crítica demolidora a la «raó». La raó ha estat entesa tradicionalment com la «facultat» o capacitat humana que ens permetia pensar, ordenar i classificar el món a través d'uns conceptes que es prenien com a «objectius». Nietzsche sosté, per una banda, que la raó va ser inventada (creació de l'aranya) essencialment pels filòsofs, que obeïen una certa voluntat de poder. Per una altra banda, la raó va crear els conceptes (la teranyina) que necessitava per ordenar el món a la seva manera; i, en darrer terme, després, es va oblidar aquest origen i es varen prendre els conceptes per «eterns» i «absoluts». Aquests conceptes són els que la filosofia ha posat com el fonament de tot: subjecte, veritat, fi, Déu, realitat, unitat. totalitat, sentit, etc., que conformen la teranyina teixida per la raó i que Nietzsche mostrarà com a ficcions. Ficcions, perquè són constructes que menteixen i es presenten com a allò que no són. ; [ENG] Friedrich Nietzsche uses constantly the metaphor of the spider and the spider's web in order to produce his demolishing criticism of «reason». The reason has been traditionally understood like the «faculty» or human capacity that allows us to think, order and classify the world through concepts taken as «objectives». Nietzsche maintains on the one hand, that reason has been created (the spider) essentially for philosophers, that obey to a special will of power. On the other hand, reason has created the concepts (the spider's web) that it needs to order the world in its own way; and later this origin was forgotten and the concepts were taken as «eternal» and «absolute». These concepts are those that philosophy has taken as foundation of everything: subject, end, God, reality, unity, totality, sense, etc., that formed the spider's web weaved for the reason and that Nietzsche will show like fictions. Fictions because they are constructions that lie and they show themselves in a way they are not. |