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Abstract:
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[cat] Aquest article pretén donar visibilitat i retre homenatge a la tasca feta pels espeleobussejadors que al llarg de cinquanta anys han realitzat exploracions i recerques a les coves subaquàtiques de Mallorca. El pas inexorable del temps va esborrant el paper que han desenvolupat cada un d’ells en descobrir, topografiar i estudiar el patrimoni natural subterrani. Evitar l’esvaïment del seu record ens ha motivat a fer aquesta recopilació. Les primeres incursions s’efectuen entre els anys 1971 i 1977 per catalans i mallorquins a diferents coves litorals de la zona de mescla i galeries de drenatge d’aigua dolça, amb molt minses penetracions. Entre 1978-1987 se realitzen diverses campanyes alemanyes i txeques a la cova dels Estudiants. En un tercer període, entre darreries dels vuitanta i començaments dels noranta (1986-1992), tornen les immersions mallorquines que fan espeleobusseig com a cosa excepcional, sense esser la seva activitat habitual, ja que es tracta d’espeleòlegs, escaladors o bussejadors. Se centren en la cova dels Estudiants, la cova des Bastons i la cova des Pas de Vallgornera, a més a més de mitja dotzena de grutes submarines pollencines. Un quart període correspon a les campanyes britàniques entre 1988 i 1997, efectuades per especialistes en grutes submergides, que se dediquen tant a les galeries de drenatge de la serra de Tramuntana com a cavitats de la zona de mescla litoral. El darrer període correspon a l’espeleologia subaquàtica mallorquina, que arranca el 1994 fins a l’actualitat i és duta a terme per mallorquins o residents especialitzats en aquesta disciplina que la practiquen de forma habitual. S’aconsegueix descobrir i documentar importants coves litorals que han suposat un increment considerable de la riquesa subterrània de Mallorca. S’han elaborat 80 fitxes individuals a on s’ha arreplegat el legat aportat per cada bussejador de coves del qual disposam d’informació. ; [eng] This article is a tribute to those speleologists who have developed underwater cave explorations at Mallorca during the last fifty years; at the same time that we pretend to give visibility and prominence to their work. As time passes, their specific role in cave exploration, mapping and many other contributions to the subterraneous karstic heritage gradually faint and disappear. Against this background we stamp this historical compilation. The pioneering underwater speleological exploration at Mallorca can be separated, at least, in five activity periods. The first underwater speleological incursions were developed between 1971 and 1977 by Catalan and Mallorcan speleodivers in different coastal caves. All these caves exhibited very little penetration and were related with the mixing zone and freshwater drainage galleries. Later, between 1978-1987 several German and Czech campaigns were carried out in the Cova dels Estudiants. A third period, between the end of the eighties and the beginning of the nineties (1986-1992), stands out because Mallorcan people returned to dive inside the caves as an exceptional practice, since it was not their usual activity, as they were speleologists, climbers or just marine divers. During this period, this group of speleologists focused on the Cova dels Estudiants, the Cova dels Bastons and the Cova des Pas de Vallgornera, as well as half a dozen submarine caves along the Pollença area. A fourth period corresponds to the British campaigns carried out between 1988 and 1997, and executed by specialists in submerged caves. They explored both, the drainage galleries of the Serra de Tramuntana and cavities in the coastal mixing zone at Eastern Mallorca. The last period corresponds to the institutionalization of the underwater caving at the Island. This period started in 1994 and continues until now. Exploration is carried out by Mallorcan people or foreigners’ residents in the island, both specialized in this discipline ad practicing it on a regular basis. This fact has permitted to discover and document important coastal caves. All of that have led to a considerable increase in the knowledge of the underground heritage of Mallorca. Finally, this paper presents eighty individual cards showing the legacy provided by each cave diver and compiling all the available information on their activities and contributions. |
Cinquanta anys d’espeleologia subaquàtica a Mallorca (1971 2021): humans, aigua i coves